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1.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(1): 60-66, ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249871

ABSTRACT

Resumen El síndrome X frágil es la condición monogenética que produce más casos de autismo y de discapacidad intelectual. La repetición de tripletes CGG (> 200) y su metilación conllevan el silenciamiento del gen FMR1. La proteína FMRP (producto del gen FMR1) interacciona con los ribosomas, controlando la traducción de mensajeros específicos y su pérdida produce alteraciones de la conectividad sináptica. El tamizaje de síndrome X frágil se realiza por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. La recomendación actual de la Academia Americana de Pediatría es realizar pruebas a quienes presenten discapacidad intelectual, retraso global del desarrollo o antecedentes familiares de afección por la mutación o premutación. Países hispanos como Colombia, Chile y España reportan altas prevalencias de síndrome X frágil y han creado asociaciones o corporaciones nacionales de X frágil que buscan acercar a los pacientes a redes disponibles de diagnóstico y tratamiento.


Abstract Fragile X syndrome is the monogenetic condition that produces more cases of autism and intellectual disability. The repetition of CGG triplets (> 200) and their methylation entail the silencing of the FMR1 gene. The FMRP protein (product of the FMR1 gene) interacts with ribosomes by controlling the translation of specific messengers, and its loss causes alterations in synaptic connectivity. Screening for fragile X syndrome is performed by polymerase chain reaction. Current recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics is to test individuals with intellectual disability, global developmental retardation or with a family history of presence of the mutation or premutation. Hispanic countries such as Colombia, Chile and Spain report high prevalence of fragile X syndrome and have created fragile X national associations or corporations that seek to bring patients closer to available diagnostic and treatment networks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics , Fragile X Syndrome/genetics , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Pedigree , Phenotype , Ribosomes/metabolism , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics , Sex Factors , Genetic Testing , Synaptic Transmission , Gene Silencing , Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism , Checklist , Fragile X Syndrome/complications , Fragile X Syndrome/diagnosis , Fragile X Syndrome/therapy , Mutation
2.
Colomb. med ; 48(3): 148-151, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890870

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The FMR1 gene has four allelic variants according to the number of repeats of the CGG triplet. Premutation carriers with between 55 and 200 repeats are susceptible to developing pathologies such as tremor and ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) syndrome. Case description: The patient was a 53-year-old female farmer with severe tremor in the upper limbs at rest that worsens with movement, tremor in the jaw and tongue, and generalized cerebral atrophy. She is a carrier of the FMR1 premutation diagnosed by PCR and Southern Blot, complying with the clinical and radiological criteria of FXTAS, and in addition, has a history of vagal symptoms suggestive of ovarian failure and menstrual cycle disorders that led to hysterectomy at age 33 and was subsequently diagnosed with FXPOI. Conclusion: An unusual case of FXTAS and FXPOI complying with clinical and radiological criteria is reported in a premutation carrier of the FMR1 gene.


Resumen Introducción: el gen FMR1 tiene cuatro variantes alélicas según el número de repeticiones de la tripleta CGG. Los portadores de la premutación con un número entre 55 y 200 repeticiones son susceptibles de desarrollar patologías como el síndrome de temblor y ataxia (FXTAS) y síndrome de falla ovárica prematura (FXPOI) asociados al X frágil. Descripción del caso: Mujer de 53 años, agricultora, con temblor severo en miembros superiores en reposo que empeora con el movimiento, temblor en mandíbula y lengua, atrofia cerebral generalizada, portadora de la premutación del gen FMR1 diagnosticada por PCR y Southern Blot, cumpliendo con criterios clínicos y radiológicos de FXTAS; ademas, historia de síntomas vagales sugestivos de falla ovárica y trastornos del ciclo menstrual que llevaron a histerectomía a los 33 años, haciendose diagnóstico FXPOI. Conclusión: Se reporta un caso inusual en portadoras de la premutación del gen FMR1, con criterios clínicos y radiológicos de FXTAS y FXPOI.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Ataxia/genetics , Tremor/genetics , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/genetics , Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics , Fragile X Syndrome/genetics , Blotting, Southern , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trinucleotide Repeats/genetics , Alleles
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